[Oct 22, 2025] 100-150 Exam Brain Dumps - Study Notes and Theory
Pass Cisco 100-150 Test Practice Test Questions Exam Dumps
NEW QUESTION # 14
What is the purpose of assigning an IP address to the management VLAN interface on a Layer 2 switch?
- A. To enable the switch to act as a default gateway for the attached devices
- B. To enable access to the CLI on the switch through Telnet or SSH
- C. To enable the switch to provide DHCP services to other switches in the network
- D. To enable the switch to resolve URLs for the attached the devices
Answer: B
Explanation:
The primary purpose of assigning an IP address to the management VLAN interface on a Layer 2 switch is to facilitate remote management of the switch. By configuring an IP address on the management VLAN, network administrators can access the switch's Command Line Interface (CLI) remotely using protocols such as Telnet or Secure Shell (SSH). This allows for convenient configuration changes, monitoring, and troubleshooting without needing physical access to the switch1.
Reference: =
* Understanding the Management VLAN
* Cisco - VLAN Configuration Guide
* Remote Management of Switches
Assigning an IP address to the management VLAN interface (often the VLAN 1 interface by default) on a Layer 2 switch allows network administrators to remotely manage the switch using protocols such as Telnet or SSH. This IP address does not affect the switch's ability to route traffic between VLANs but provides a means to access and configure the switch through its Command Line Interface (CLI).
* A: The switch does not act as a default gateway; this is typically a function of a Layer 3 device like a router.
* B: The switch does not resolve URLs; this is typically a function of DNS servers.
* C: The switch can relay DHCP requests but does not typically provide DHCP services itself; this is usually done by a dedicated DHCP server or router.
Thus, the correct answer is D. To enable access to the CLI on the switch through Telnet or SSH.
Reference: =
* Cisco VLAN Management Overview
* Cisco Catalyst Switch Management
NEW QUESTION # 15
Which device protects the network by permitting or denying traffic based on IP address, port number, or application?
- A. Firewall
- B. Access point
- C. Intrusion detection system
- D. VPN gateway
Answer: A
Explanation:
* Firewall: A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It permits or denies traffic based on IP addresses, port numbers, or applications.
* Access Point: This is a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi.
It does not perform traffic filtering based on IP, port, or application.
* VPN Gateway: This device allows for secure connections between networks over the internet, but it is not primarily used for traffic filtering based on IP, port, or application.
* Intrusion Detection System (IDS): This device monitors network traffic for suspicious activity and policy violations, but it does not actively permit or deny traffic.
References:
* Understanding Firewalls: Firewall Basics
NEW QUESTION # 16
Move the MFA factors from the list on the left to their correct examples on the right. You may use each factor once, more than once, or not at all.
Note: You will receive partial credit for each correct selection.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
The correct matching of the MFA factors to their examples is as follows:
* Entering a one-time security code sent to your device after logging in: Possession
* Holding your phone to your face to be recognized: Inherence
* Specifying your user name and password to log on to a service: Knowledge Here's why each factor matches the example:
* Possession: This factor is something the user has, like a mobile device. A one-time security code sent to this device falls under this category.
* Inherence: This factor is something the user is, such as a biometric characteristic. Facial recognition using a phone is an example of this factor.
* Knowledge: This factor is something the user knows, like a password or PIN.
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) enhances security by requiring two or more of these factors to verify a user's identity before granting access.
* Entering a one-time security code sent to your device after logging in.
* Factor: Possession
* Explanation: This factor relates to something you have, such as a device that receives a security code.
* Holding your phone to your face to be recognized.
* Factor: Inference (typically referred to as Inherence or Biometric)
* Explanation: This factor relates to something you are, such as biometric authentication like facial recognition.
* Specifying your username and password to log on to a service.
* Factor: Knowledge
* Explanation: This factor relates to something you know, such as a username and password.
* Possession Factor: This involves something the user has in their possession. Receiving a one-time security code on a device (e.g., phone) is an example of this.
* Inference Factor (Inherence/Biometric): This involves something inherent to the user, such as biometric verification (e.g., facial recognition or fingerprint scanning).
* Knowledge Factor: This involves something the user knows, such as login credentials (username and password).
References:
* Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) Explained: MFA Guide
* Understanding Authentication Factors: Authentication Factors
NEW QUESTION # 17
Move each protocol from the list on the left to its correct example on the right.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
The correct matching of the protocols to their examples is as follows:
* DHCP: Assign the reserved IP address 10.10.10.200 to a web server at your company.
* DNS: Perform a query to translate companypro.net to an IP address.
* ICMP: Perform a ping to ensure that a server is responding to network connections.
Here's how each protocol corresponds to its example:
* DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is used to assign IP addresses to devices on a network. In this case, DHCP would be used to assign the reserved IP address 10.10.10.200 to a web server.
* DNS (Domain Name System) is used to translate domain names into IP addresses. Therefore, to translate companypro.net to an IP address, DNS would be utilized.
* ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for sending error messages and operational information indicating success or failure when communicating with another IP address. An example of this is using the ping command to check if a server is responding to network connections.
These protocols are essential for the smooth operation of networks and the internet.
* Perform a query to translate companypro.net to an IP address.
* DNS (Domain Name System): DNS is used to resolve domain names to IP addresses.
* Assign the reserved IP address 10.10.10.200 to a web server at your company.
* DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): DHCP is used to assign IP addresses to devices on a network.
* Perform a ping to ensure that a server is responding to network connections.
* ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): ICMP is used by network devices to send error messages and operational information, and it is the protocol used by the ping command.
* DNS (Domain Name System): DNS translates human-friendly domain names like "companypro.net" into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on the network.
* DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network, ensuring that no two devices have the same IP address.
* ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): ICMP is used for diagnostic or control purposes, and the ping command uses ICMP to test the reachability of a host on an IP network.
References:
* DNS Basics: What is DNS?
* DHCP Overview: What is DHCP?
* ICMP and Ping: Understanding ICMP
NEW QUESTION # 18
For each statement about bandwidth and throughput, select True or False.
Note: You will receive partial credit for each correct selection.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
* Statement 1: Low bandwidth can increase network latency.
* True: Low bandwidth can result in increased network latency because the network may become congested, leading to delays in data transmission.
* Statement 2: High levels of network latency decrease network bandwidth.
* False: High levels of network latency do not decrease the available network bandwidth, but they do affect the perceived performance and throughput of the network.
* Statement 3: You can increase throughput by decreasing network latency.
* True: Decreasing network latency can increase throughput because data can be transmitted more quickly and efficiently without delays.
* Bandwidth vs. Latency: Bandwidth refers to the maximum rate at which data can be transferred over a network path. Latency is the time it takes for a data packet to travel from the source to the destination.
* Low bandwidth can cause network congestion, which can increase latency as packets wait to be transmitted.
* High latency does not reduce the actual bandwidth but can affect the overall performance and efficiency of data transmission.
* Reducing latency can lead to higher throughput because the network can handle more data in a given period without delays.
References:
* Network Performance Metrics: Cisco Network Performance
* Understanding Bandwidth and Latency: Bandwidth vs. Latency
NEW QUESTION # 19
HOTSPOT
You want to list the IPv4 addresses associated with the host name www.companypro.net.
Complete the command by selecting the correct option from each drop-down list.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
To list the IPv4 addresses associated with the host name www.companypro.net, you should use the following command:
nslookup www.companypro.net
This command will query the DNS servers to find the IP address associated with the hostname provided. If you want to ensure that it returns the IPv4 address, you can specify the -type=A option, which stands for Address records that hold IPv4 addresses1. However, the nslookup command by default should return the IPv4 address if available.
To list the IPv4 addresses associated with the host name www.companypro.net, you should use the nslookup command.
Command: nslookup
Target: www.companypro.net
So, the completed command is:
nslookup www.companypro.net
nslookup: This command is used to query the Domain Name System (DNS) to obtain domain name or IP address mapping or for any other specific DNS record.
www.companypro.net: This is the domain name you want to query to obtain its associated IP addresses.
Reference: Using nslookup: nslookup Command Guide
NEW QUESTION # 20
What is the primary use of ICMP in network management?
- A. Error reporting and diagnostics
- B. Assigning IP addresses
- C. Translating domain names to IP addresses
- D. Secure file transfer
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which component of the AAA service security model provides identity verification?
- A. Authorization
- B. Authentication
- C. Accounting
- D. Auditing
Answer: B
Explanation:
The AAA service security model consists of three components:
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting.
* Authentication: This is the process of verifying the identity of a user or device. It ensures that only legitimate users can access the network or service.
* Authorization: This determines what an authenticated user is allowed to do or access within the network.
* Auditing/Accounting: This component tracks the actions of the user, including what resources they access and what changes they make.
Thus, the correct answer is C. Authentication.
Reference: =
* Cisco AAA Overview
* Understanding AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting)
NEW QUESTION # 22
Move each network type from the list on the left to the correct example on the right.
Answer:
Explanation:
* Two home office computers are connected to a switch by Ethernet cables.
* Network Type: LAN (Local Area Network)
* Explanation: A LAN connects devices within a limited area such as a home, office, or building, using Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi.
* Three government buildings in the same city connect to a cable company over coaxial cables.
* Network Type: MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
* Explanation: A MAN connects networks across a city or campus, often using fiber optic or coaxial cables.
* A cell phone connects to a Bluetooth headset.
* Network Type: PAN (Personal Area Network)
* Explanation: A PAN connects devices within a personal workspace, typically using wireless technologies like Bluetooth.
* A financial institution connects its branches through a telecommunications service provider.
* Network Type: WAN (Wide Area Network)
* Explanation: A WAN connects multiple LANs over long distances, often using leased lines or satellite links provided by telecommunications companies.
* LAN (Local Area Network): Used for connecting devices within a small geographical area such as a single building or home.
* MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a larger geographical area than a LAN, typically a city or campus.
* PAN (Personal Area Network): Connects devices within the range of an individual person, such as connecting a phone to a Bluetooth headset.
* WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans large geographical areas, connecting multiple LANs across cities, countries, or continents.
References:
* Network Types Overview: Cisco Networking Basics
* Understanding Different Network Types: Network Types Guide
NEW QUESTION # 23
A user initiates a trouble ticket stating that an external web page is not loading. You determine that other resources both internal and external are still reachable.
Which command can you use to help locate where the issue is in the network path to the external web page?
- A. ipconfig/all
- B. tracert
- C. nslookup
- D. ping -t
Answer: B
Explanation:
The tracert command is used to determine the route taken by packets across an IP network. When a user reports that an external web page is not loading, while other resources are accessible, it suggests there might be an issue at a certain point in the network path to the specific web page. The tracert command helps to diagnose where the breakdown occurs by displaying a list of routers that the packets pass through on their way to the destination. It can identify the network segment where the packets stop progressing, which is valuable for pinpointing where the connectivity issue lies.
Reference: =
Cisco CCST Networking Certification FAQs - CISCONET Training Solutions, Command Prompt (CMD): 10 network-related commands you should know, Network Troubleshooting Commands Guide: Windows, Mac & Linux - Comparitech, How to Use the Traceroute and Ping Commands to Troubleshoot Network, Network Troubleshooting Techniques: Ping, Traceroute, PathPing.
* tracert Command: This command is used to determine the path packets take to reach a destination. It lists all the hops (routers) along the way and can help identify where the delay or
failure occurs.
* ping -t: This command sends continuous ping requests and is useful for determining if a host is reachable but does not provide path information.
* ipconfig /all: This command displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and can be used to verify network settings but not to trace a network path.
* nslookup: This command queries the DNS to obtain domain name or IP address mapping, useful for DNS issues but not for tracing network paths.
Reference:
* Microsoft tracert Command: tracert Command Guide
* Troubleshooting Network Issues with tracert: Network Troubleshooting Guide
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which address is included in the 192.168.200.0/24 network?
- A. 192.168.200.13
- B. 192.168.1.13
- C. 192.168.201.13
- D. 192.168.199.13
Answer: A
Explanation:
* 192.168.200.0/24 Network: This subnet includes all addresses from 192.168.200.0 to 192.168.200.255.
The /24 indicates a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, which allows for 256 addresses.
* 192.168.199.13: This address is in the 192.168.199.0/24 subnet, not the 192.168.200.0/24 subnet.
* 192.168.200.13: This address is within the 192.168.200.0/24 subnet.
* 192.168.201.13: This address is in the 192.168.201.0/24 subnet, not the 192.168.200.0/24 subnet.
* 192.168.1.13: This address is in the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet, not the 192.168.200.0/24 subnet.
Reference: * Subnetting Guide: Subnetting Basics
NEW QUESTION # 25
What is the most compressed valid format of the IPv6 address 2001 :0db8:0000:0016:0000:001b: 2000:0056?
- A. 2001:db8: : 16: : 1b: 2000: 56
- B. 2001:db8: : 16: : 1b:2:56
- C. 2001:db8: 0:16: :1b: 2000:56
- D. 2001:db8: 16: :1b:2:56
Answer: C
Explanation:
IPv6 addresses can be compressed by removing leading zeros and replacing consecutive groups of zeros with a double colon (::). Here's how to compress the address 2001:0db8:0000:0016:0000:001b:2000:0056:
* Remove leading zeros from each segment:
* 2001:db8:0000:0016:0000:001b:2000:0056 becomes 2001:db8:0:16:0:1b:2000:56
* Replace the longest sequence of consecutive zeros with a double colon (::). In this case, the two consecutive zeros between the 16 and 1b:
* 2001:db8:0:16::1b:2000:56
Thus, the most compressed valid format of the IPv6 address is 2001:db8:0:16::1b:2000:56.
References :=
* Cisco Learning Network
* IPv6 Addressing (Cisco)
NEW QUESTION # 26
What is the most compressed valid format of the IPv6 address 2001 :0db8:0000:0016:0000:001b: 2000:0056?
- A. 2001:db8: : 16: : 1b: 2000: 56
- B. 2001:db8: : 16: : 1b:2:56
- C. 2001:db8: 0:16: :1b: 2000:56
- D. 2001:db8: 16: :1b:2:56
Answer: C
Explanation:
IPv6 addresses can be compressed by removing leading zeros and replacing consecutive groups of zeros with a double colon (::). Here's how to compress the address 2001:0db8:0000:0016:0000:001b:2000:0056:
Remove leading zeros from each segment:
2001:db8:0000:0016:0000:001b:2000:0056 becomes 2001:db8:0:16:0:1b:2000:56
Replace the longest sequence of consecutive zeros with a double colon (::). In this case, the two consecutive zeros between the 16 and 1b:
2001:db8:0:16::1b:2000:56
Thus, the most compressed valid format of the IPv6 address is 2001:db8:0:16::1b:2000:56.
Reference: =
Cisco Learning Network
IPv6 Addressing (Cisco)
NEW QUESTION # 27
DRAG DROP
Move each cloud computing service model from the list on the left to the correct example on the right. Note: You will receive partial credit for each correct answer.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
Three virtual machines are connected by a virtual network in the cloud.
Model: IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet, including virtual machines, storage, and networks.
Users access a web-based graphics design application in the cloud for a monthly fee.
Model: SaaS (Software as a Service)
SaaS delivers software applications over the internet, typically on a subscription basis, accessible via a web browser.
A company develops applications using cloud-based resources and tools. Model: PaaS (Platform as a Service)
PaaS provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without dealing with the infrastructure.
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Provides virtualized hardware resources that customers can use to build their own computing environments.
PaaS (Platform as a Service): Offers a platform with tools and services to develop, test, and deploy applications.
SaaS (Software as a Service): Delivers fully functional applications over the internet that users can access and use without managing the underlying infrastructure.
Reference: Cloud Service Models: Understanding IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
NIST Definition of Cloud Computing: NIST Cloud Computing
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which two pieces of information should you include when you initially create a support ticket? (Choose 2.)
- A. Details about the computers connected to the network
- B. A detailed description of the fault
- C. The description of the top-down fault-finding procedure
- D. The actions taken to resolve the fault
- E. A description of the conditions when the fault occurs
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
* Statement A: "A detailed description of the fault." This is essential for support staff to understand the nature of the problem and begin troubleshooting effectively.
* Statement C: "A description of the conditions when the fault occurs." This helps in reproducing the issue and identifying patterns that might indicate the cause of the fault.
* Statement B: "Details about the computers connected to the network." While useful, this is not as immediately critical as understanding the fault itself and the conditions under which it occurs.
* Statement D: "The actions taken to resolve the fault." This is important but typically follows the initial report.
* Statement E: "The description of the top-down fault-finding procedure." This is more of a troubleshooting methodology than information typically included in an initial support ticket.
References:
* Best Practices for Submitting Support Tickets: Support Ticket Guidelines
NEW QUESTION # 29
You want to store files that will be accessible by every user on your network.
Which endpoint device do you need?
- A. Access point
- B. Server
- C. Switch
- D. Hub
Answer: B
Explanation:
To store files that will be accessible by every user on a network, you would need a server.
A server is a computer system that provides data to other computers.
It can serve data to systems on a local network (LAN) or a wide network (WAN) over the internet.
In this context, a file server would be set up to store and manage files, allowing users on the network to access them from their own devices1.
Reference:
What is a Server?
Understanding Servers and Their Functions
A server is a computer designed to process requests and deliver data to other computers over a local network or the internet. In this case, to store files that will be accessible by every user on the network, a file server is the appropriate endpoint device. It provides a centralized location for storing and managing files, allowing users to access and share files easily.
A). Access point: Provides wireless connectivity to a network.
C). Hub: A basic networking device that connects multiple Ethernet devices together, making them act as a single network segment.
D). Switch: A networking device that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to forward data to the destination device.
Thus, the correct answer is B. Server.
Reference: =
File Server Overview (Cisco)
Server Roles in Networking (Cisco)
NEW QUESTION # 30
A user initiates a trouble ticket stating that an external web page is not loading. You determine that other resources both internal and external are still reachable.
Which command can you use to help locate where the issue is in the network path to the external web page?
- A. ipconfig/all
- B. tracert
- C. nslookup
- D. ping -t
Answer: B
Explanation:
The tracert command is used to determine the route taken by packets across an IP network. When a user reports that an external web page is not loading, while other resources are accessible, it suggests there might be an issue at a certain point in the network path to the specific web page. The tracert command helps to diagnose where the breakdown occurs by displaying a list of routers that the packets pass through on their way to the destination. It can identify the network segment where the packets stop progressing, which is valuable for pinpointing where the connectivity issue lies. References := Cisco CCST Networking Certification FAQs - CISCONET Training Solutions, Command Prompt (CMD): 10 network-related commands you should know, Network Troubleshooting Commands Guide: Windows, Mac & Linux - Comparitech, How to Use the Traceroute and Ping Commands to Troubleshoot Network, Network Troubleshooting Techniques: Ping, Traceroute, PathPing.
*tracert Command: This command is used to determine the path packets take to reach a destination. It lists all the hops (routers) along the way and can help identify where the delay or failure occurs.
*ping -t: This command sends continuous ping requests and is useful for determining if a host is reachable but does not provide path information.
*ipconfig /all: This command displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and can be used to verify network settings but not to trace a network path.
*nslookup: This command queries the DNS to obtain domain name or IP address mapping, useful for DNS issues but not for tracing network paths.
References:
*Microsoft tracert Command: tracert Command Guide
*Troubleshooting Network Issues with tracert: Network Troubleshooting Guide
NEW QUESTION # 31
Select the statements that are correct about bandwidth and throughput (Choose 3).
- A. Low bandwidth can result in increased latency.
- B. Reducing latency generally increases throughput.
- C. High bandwidth ensures low latency.
- D. High latency reduces the bandwidth capacity.
Answer: A,B,D
NEW QUESTION # 32
A local company requires two networks in two new buildings. The addresses used in these networks must be in the private network range.
Which two address ranges should the company use? Note: You will receive partial credit for each correct selection. (Choose 2.)
- A. 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
- B. 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
- C. 11.0.0.0 to 11.255.255.255
- D. 192.16.0.0 to 192.16.255.255
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The private IP address ranges that are set aside specifically for use within private networks and not routable on the internet are as follows:
Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
These ranges are defined by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and are used for local communications within a private network123.
Given the options:
A). 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 falls within the Class B private range.
B). 192.16.0.0 to 192.16.255.255 is not a recognized private IP range.
C). 11.0.0.0 to 11.255.255.255 is not a recognized private IP range.
D). 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 falls within the Class C private range.
Therefore, the correct selections that the company should use for their private networks are A and D.
Reference: =
Reserved IP addresses on Wikipedia
Private IP Addresses in Networking - GeeksforGeeks
Understanding Private IP Ranges, Uses, Benefits, and Warnings
NEW QUESTION # 33
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